{"id":20900,"date":"2025-09-29T18:46:24","date_gmt":"2025-09-29T18:46:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogsaverroes.juntadeandalucia.es\/macade\/?p=20900"},"modified":"2025-09-29T21:05:40","modified_gmt":"2025-09-29T21:05:40","slug":"minerales-composicion-y-formula","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogsaverroes.juntadeandalucia.es\/macade\/2025\/09\/29\/minerales-composicion-y-formula\/","title":{"rendered":"Minerales (composici\u00f3n y propiedades)"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"20900\" class=\"elementor elementor-20900\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c7392af elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c7392af\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7a07dc6\" data-id=\"7a07dc6\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3fda6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8e3fda6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #ffff00\">MINERALES<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-de84065 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"de84065\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f157003\" data-id=\"f157003\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2a65d6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"2a65d6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1222\" height=\"1536\" src=\"https:\/\/blogsaverroes.juntadeandalucia.es\/macade\/files\/2025\/09\/Tabla-de-cuadro-de-minerales-1222x1536.png\" class=\"attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536 wp-image-20903\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogsaverroes.juntadeandalucia.es\/macade\/files\/2025\/09\/Tabla-de-cuadro-de-minerales-1222x1536.png 1222w, https:\/\/blogsaverroes.juntadeandalucia.es\/macade\/files\/2025\/09\/Tabla-de-cuadro-de-minerales-239x300.png 239w, https:\/\/blogsaverroes.juntadeandalucia.es\/macade\/files\/2025\/09\/Tabla-de-cuadro-de-minerales-814x1024.png 814w, https:\/\/blogsaverroes.juntadeandalucia.es\/macade\/files\/2025\/09\/Tabla-de-cuadro-de-minerales-768x966.png 768w, https:\/\/blogsaverroes.juntadeandalucia.es\/macade\/files\/2025\/09\/Tabla-de-cuadro-de-minerales-1629x2048.png 1629w, https:\/\/blogsaverroes.juntadeandalucia.es\/macade\/files\/2025\/09\/Tabla-de-cuadro-de-minerales.png 1783w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1222px) 100vw, 1222px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1580557 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1580557\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3028f43\" data-id=\"3028f43\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61ddff4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"61ddff4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/blogsaverroes.juntadeandalucia.es\/macade\/files\/2025\/09\/minerales_catalogo_alfabetico.xlsx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-7935\" src=\"https:\/\/blogsaverroes.juntadeandalucia.es\/macade\/files\/2022\/12\/icon-libro.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogsaverroes.juntadeandalucia.es\/macade\/files\/2022\/12\/icon-libro.png 106w, https:\/\/blogsaverroes.juntadeandalucia.es\/macade\/files\/2022\/12\/icon-libro-24x24.png 24w, https:\/\/blogsaverroes.juntadeandalucia.es\/macade\/files\/2022\/12\/icon-libro-36x36.png 36w, https:\/\/blogsaverroes.juntadeandalucia.es\/macade\/files\/2022\/12\/icon-libro-48x48.png 48w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 20px) 100vw, 20px\" \/><\/a> Descarga E<em>xcel<\/em> de los 100 minerales. <\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-407b0b2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"407b0b2\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d8f5553\" data-id=\"d8f5553\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6518211 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6518211\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 data-start=\"105\" data-end=\"133\">\u00bfQu\u00e9 son los minerales?<\/h2><p style=\"text-align: justify\" data-start=\"135\" data-end=\"454\">Los minerales son <strong data-start=\"153\" data-end=\"174\">s\u00f3lidos naturales<\/strong> que se forman a trav\u00e9s de procesos geol\u00f3gicos en la corteza terrestre. Se diferencian de las rocas porque cada mineral tiene una <strong data-start=\"304\" data-end=\"336\">composici\u00f3n qu\u00edmica definida<\/strong> y una <strong data-start=\"343\" data-end=\"374\">estructura interna ordenada<\/strong> (estructura cristalina), lo que les da propiedades f\u00edsicas y qu\u00edmicas \u00fanicas.<\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify\" data-start=\"456\" data-end=\"648\">Por ejemplo, el <strong data-start=\"472\" data-end=\"482\">cuarzo<\/strong> siempre es di\u00f3xido de silicio (SiO\u2082) y cristaliza en el sistema trigonal, mientras que la <strong data-start=\"573\" data-end=\"583\">pirita<\/strong> es sulfuro de hierro (FeS\u2082) y cristaliza en el sistema c\u00fabico.<\/p><hr data-start=\"650\" data-end=\"653\" \/><h2 data-start=\"655\" data-end=\"704\">Principales caracter\u00edsticas de los minerales<\/h2><p data-start=\"709\" data-end=\"734\"><strong data-start=\"709\" data-end=\"732\">a) Composici\u00f3n qu\u00edmica<\/strong><\/p><ul><li>Determina la naturaleza del mineral.<\/li><li>Se expresa con f\u00f3rmulas (ej.: NaCl en la halita, CaCO\u2083 en la calcita).<\/li><\/ul><p><strong data-start=\"861\" data-end=\"886\">b) Estructura cristalina<\/strong><\/p><ul><li data-start=\"894\" data-end=\"953\">Los \u00e1tomos se organizan en redes geom\u00e9tricas repetitivas.<\/li><li data-start=\"959\" data-end=\"1082\">Existen varios <strong data-start=\"974\" data-end=\"998\">sistemas cristalinos<\/strong>: c\u00fabico, trigonal, hexagonal, tetragonal, ortorr\u00f3mbico, monocl\u00ednico y tricl\u00ednico.<\/li><\/ul><p><strong data-start=\"1087\" data-end=\"1097\">c) Dureza<\/strong><\/p><ul><li data-start=\"1105\" data-end=\"1197\">Resistencia a ser rayado, medida con la <strong data-start=\"1145\" data-end=\"1163\">escala de Mohs<\/strong> (del 1: talco al 10: diamante).<\/li><\/ul><p><strong data-start=\"1202\" data-end=\"1220\">d) Color y brillo<\/strong><\/p><ul><li data-start=\"1228\" data-end=\"1284\">El color puede deberse a su composici\u00f3n o a impurezas.<\/li><li data-start=\"1290\" data-end=\"1366\">El brillo describe c\u00f3mo refleja la luz (met\u00e1lico, v\u00edtreo, nacarado, etc.).<\/li><\/ul><p><strong data-start=\"1371\" data-end=\"1397\">e) Fractura y exfoliaci\u00f3n<\/strong><\/p><ul><li data-start=\"1405\" data-end=\"1455\">La <strong data-start=\"1408\" data-end=\"1420\">fractura<\/strong> es la forma irregular de rotura.<\/li><li data-start=\"1461\" data-end=\"1557\">La <strong data-start=\"1464\" data-end=\"1479\">exfoliaci\u00f3n<\/strong> ocurre cuando el mineral se parte siguiendo planos de debilidad cristalina.<\/li><\/ul><p><strong data-start=\"1562\" data-end=\"1592\">f) Densidad y peso espec\u00edfico<\/strong><\/p><ul><li data-start=\"1600\" data-end=\"1703\">Relacionados con la composici\u00f3n qu\u00edmica. Minerales met\u00e1licos suelen ser m\u00e1s densos que los silicatos.<\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1705\" data-end=\"1708\" \/><h2 data-start=\"1710\" data-end=\"1743\">Importancia de los minerales<\/h2><ul><li data-start=\"1747\" data-end=\"1823\"><strong data-start=\"1747\" data-end=\"1762\">Cient\u00edfica:<\/strong> ayudan a comprender la formaci\u00f3n y evoluci\u00f3n de la Tierra.<\/li><li data-start=\"1826\" data-end=\"1918\"><strong data-start=\"1826\" data-end=\"1841\">Industrial:<\/strong> base de la mayor\u00eda de los materiales (metales, vidrio, cer\u00e1mica, cemento).<\/li><li data-start=\"1921\" data-end=\"2004\"><strong data-start=\"1921\" data-end=\"1936\">Energ\u00e9tica:<\/strong> algunos forman parte de combustibles f\u00f3siles y fuentes nucleares.<\/li><li data-start=\"2108\" data-end=\"2248\"><strong data-start=\"2108\" data-end=\"2124\">Tecnol\u00f3gica:<\/strong> minerales estrat\u00e9gicos como el litio, el cobalto o las tierras raras son esenciales en electr\u00f3nica y energ\u00edas renovables.<\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"2250\" data-end=\"2253\" \/><p style=\"text-align: justify\" data-start=\"2255\" data-end=\"2474\">En resumen: los minerales son la <strong data-start=\"2291\" data-end=\"2347\">unidad b\u00e1sica natural de los materiales de la Tierra<\/strong>, con propiedades f\u00edsicas y qu\u00edmicas constantes que los hacen fundamentales tanto en la naturaleza como en la vida cotidiana<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-8568b76 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"8568b76\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8044280\" data-id=\"8044280\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8cf6043 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"8cf6043\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e8f796e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e8f796e\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-41b5504\" data-id=\"41b5504\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1379fa elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c1379fa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Enlaces de inter\u00e9s y bibliograf\u00eda:<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.iycr2014.org\/home\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">A\u00f1o Internacional de la cristalograf\u00eda<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.xtal.iqf.csic.es\/Cristalografia\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Web Cristalograf\u00eda CSIC<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.uv.es\/quimicajmol\/quimica3d\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Visualizaci\u00f3n de estructuras<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.chemtube3d.com\/ss-yba2c3o7\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Chemtube3D para cristales<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/krystala.fundaciondescubre.es\/sobre-krystala\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Crystala<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/ige.org\/cristalografia-3D\/#\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cristalograf\u00eda en 3D<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/geonstate.com\/geo-crist\/cristalografia\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Geo-cristalograf\u00eda<\/a><\/li><li><strong>Enciclopedia de la ciencia. Minerales<\/strong>. Tikal. Rudolf Duda, Lubos Rejl. Versi\u00f3n traducida por Teresa L\u00f3pez y colaboradores.<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ugr.es\/~minpet\/pages\/docencia\/PID1605\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Proyecci\u00f3n estereogr\u00e1fica.<\/a> + <a href=\"https:\/\/blogsaverroes.juntadeandalucia.es\/macade\/files\/2025\/09\/tablas-de-proyecciones.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">tablas pdf<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-03e16e4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"03e16e4\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-89d949e\" data-id=\"89d949e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-108ea93 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"108ea93\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>MINERALES Descarga Excel de los 100 minerales. \u00bfQu\u00e9 son los minerales? Los minerales son s\u00f3lidos naturales que se forman a trav\u00e9s de procesos geol\u00f3gicos en&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10494,"featured_media":20902,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"post_mailing_queue_ids":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogsaverroes.juntadeandalucia.es\/macade\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20900"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogsaverroes.juntadeandalucia.es\/macade\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogsaverroes.juntadeandalucia.es\/macade\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogsaverroes.juntadeandalucia.es\/macade\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/10494"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogsaverroes.juntadeandalucia.es\/macade\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=20900"}],"version-history":[{"count":32,"href":"https:\/\/blogsaverroes.juntadeandalucia.es\/macade\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20900\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":20939,"href":"https:\/\/blogsaverroes.juntadeandalucia.es\/macade\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20900\/revisions\/20939"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogsaverroes.juntadeandalucia.es\/macade\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/20902"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogsaverroes.juntadeandalucia.es\/macade\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=20900"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogsaverroes.juntadeandalucia.es\/macade\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=20900"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogsaverroes.juntadeandalucia.es\/macade\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=20900"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}